Disclosed are a confocal scanning imaging system and an aberration control method thereof. The imaging system comprises a dual deformable mirror correction assembly and an adaptive optical wavefront detection assembly. The optical wavefront detection assembly is based on a direct slope control method, and the direct slope control method is optimized by adding a decoupling algorithm to eliminate a coupling effect of dual deformable mirrors, thus synchronously controlling the work of the dual deformable mirror correction assembly. Through the creation of a novel high-level deformable mirror response matrix and a novel deformable mirror response matrix, the part coupling with a low-level deformable mirror is removed, deformable mirror closed-loop correction is correctly controlled, piston, tip, and tilt error effects are eliminated, and an accurate slope vector calculation method of the dual deformable mirror adaptive optics system is obtained. The present invention overcomes difficulties of synchronous work of dual deformable mirrors, implements a confocal scanning imaging system with the compact design and the high imaging resolution, substantially improves the imaging quality of a traditional confocal scanning imaging system, and increases the system control bandwidth.La présente invention porte sur un système dimagerie à balayage confocal et un procédé de commande daberration de celui-ci. Le système dimagerie comprend un ensemble correction de miroir déformable double et un ensemble détection de front donde optique adaptatif. Lensemble détection de front donde optique est basé sur un procédé de commande de pente direct et le procédé de commande de pente direct est optimisé par addition dun algorithme de découplage pour éliminer un effet de couplage de miroirs déformables doubles, commandant ainsi de manière synchronisée le travail de lensemble correction de miroir déformable double. Par lintermédiaire de la création dune nouvelle matrice de réponse de miroir déform
