An investigation and control device of a drive system is provided, which controls a power source of a surgical instrument by using a device for drive investigation and control, where the device for drive investigation and control receives a signal of the device for guide positioning and controls, according to a tracked connection state of the device for guide positioning and the surgical instrument, whether the surgical instrument is driven and a control panel on the device for drive investigation and control electrically connects an device for instrumentation switch sensing and at least one practice model sensing device, so that the device for drive investigation and control controls, according to whether the instrumentation switch or/and the practice model is/are positioned correctly, whether the surgical instrument is normally driven, thereby completely and correctly controlling a correspondence between the surgical instrument and peripheral devices.
