An investigation and control device of a drive system is provided, which controls a power source of a surgical instrument by using a drive investigation and control device, where the drive investigation and control device receives a signal of the guide positioning device and controls, according to a tracked connection state of the guide positioning device and the surgical instrument, whether the surgical instrument is driven； and a control panel on the drive investigation and control device electrically connects an instrumentation switch sensing device and at least one practice model sensing device, so that the drive investigation and control device controls, according to whether the instrumentation switch or/and the practice model is/are positioned correctly, whether the surgical instrument is normally driven, thereby completely and correctly controlling a correspondence between the surgical instrument and peripheral devices.
