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[学术文献 ] Verification of Glyphosate Resistance, Lepidopteran Resistance and Wide Compatibility of Male Sterile Line E1C4008S in Rice 进入全文
Rice Science
Weeds and insect pests are two important biotic stresses resulting in yield loss in rice, and wide compatibility is the essential characteristic of breeding inter-subspecific hybrid rice. This study focused on glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility as well as identification of molecular and some agronomic characteristics of transgenic male sterile line E1C4008S. The results indicated that glyphosate resistance gene Epsps# and lepidopteran resistance gene Cry1ca# were transferred into japonica wide compatibility male sterile line 4008S by Agrobacterium-mediated method, and four independent transformation events named E1C4008S-1, E1C4008S-2, E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 were obtained, in which E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 were of single copy insertion. The EPSPS protein contents of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf > stem > root, and ranged from 300.58 to 1410.69 μg/g at the tillering stage. The glyphosate tolerable concentration (dosage) of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 reached at least 16 g/L (54.42 kg/hm2), and the seeds of E1C4008S-4 can germinate normally on the medium containing 1 g/L glyphosate. The CRY1C protein contents of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf > stem > root, and ranged from 0.62 to 2.43 μg/g at the tillering stage. The larvae mortalities of rice leaf rollers fed on leaves of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 for 5 d were 95.35% and 97.77%, respectively, while the average mortalities of silkworms fed with protein extracts from leaves of E1C4008S-3 and E1C4008S-4 reached 94.55% and 83.64%, respectively. The results suggested that wide compatibility and evaluated agronomic traits of E1C4008S-4 were not significantly changed by insertion of the exogenous genes. Overall, a novel male sterile germplasm with glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility was verified to be developed in rice.
[学术文献 ] Integrated physiologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of Malus halliana adaptation to saline–alkali stress 进入全文
Horticulture Research
Saline–alkali stress is a severely adverse abiotic stress limiting plant growth. Malus halliana Koehne is an apple rootstock that is tolerant to saline–alkali stress. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of M. halliana to saline–alkali stress, an integrated metabolomic and proteomic approach was used to analyze the plant pathways involved in the stress response of the plant and its regulatory mechanisms. A total of 179 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 140 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified. We found that two metabolite-related enzymes (PPD and PAO) were associated with senescence and involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; six photosynthesis proteins (PSAH2, PSAK, PSBO2, PSBP1, and PSBQ2) were significantly upregulated, especially PSBO2, and could act as regulators of photosystem II (PSII) repair. Sucrose, acting as a signaling molecule, directly mediated the accumulation of D-phenylalanine, tryptophan, and alkaloid (vindoline and ecgonine) and the expression of proteins related to aspartate and glutamate (ASP3, ASN1, NIT4, and GLN1?1). These responses play a central role in maintaining osmotic balance and removing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, sucrose signaling induced flavonoid biosynthesis by activating the expression of CYP75B1 to regulate the homeostasis of ROS and promoted auxin signaling by activating the expression of T31B5_170 to enhance the resistance of M. halliana to saline–alkali stress. The decrease in peroxidase superfamily protein (PER) and ALDH2C4 during lignin synthesis further triggered a plant saline–alkali response. Overall, this study provides an important starting point for improving saline–alkali tolerance in M. halliana via genetic engineering.
[学术文献 ] iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of fertile and sterile flower buds from a genetic male sterile line ‘AB01’ in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) 进入全文
Journal of Proteomics
To investigate the molecular basis of multiple-allele-inherited male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis), we performed differential proteomic analysis using iTRAQ to identify differentially abundant proteins between fertile and sterile flower buds from the genetic male sterile line ‘AB01’. We identified 5932 high-confidence proteins; 1494 were differentially abundant between the two samples, including 749 up- and 745 down-regulated proteins. The up- and down-regulated proteins that could be essential for anther development and male sterility in sterile buds were mainly involved in (1) carbohydrate and energy metabolism (pyruvate dehydrogenase, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, starch and sucrose metabolism), (2) pollen wall synthesis and regulation (pectinesterase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, beta-galactosidase, glycosyl hydrolase), (3) protein synthesis and degradation (proteasome subunits, ribosome proteins, ABC transporters, RNA transport, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum), (4) flavonoid biosynthesis, and (5) plant hormone signal transduction. We identified 10 genes/proteins that were both up-regulated and 122 that were both down-regulated in a conjoint analysis. Multiple reaction monitoring and qRT-PCR validation showed that the iTRAQ results were accurate and reliable. These findings will provide valuable information on proteins involved in anther development, and will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) that underlie male sterility in Chinese cabbage.
[学术文献 ] Co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis substantially enhances plant tolerance to drought, salt, and heat stresses 进入全文
Scientific Reports
Abiotic stresses such as water deficit, salt, and heat are major environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth, development, and productivity. Previous studies showed that overexpression of the Arabidopsis vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase gene AVP1 increases salt and water deficit stress tolerance and overexpression of the rice SUMO E3 ligase gene OsSIZ1 improves heat and water deficit stress tolerance in transgenic plants. In this report, the effects of co-overexpression of AVP1 and OsSIZ1 in Arabidopsis on abiotic stress tolerance were studied. It was found that AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants performed significantly better than AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants, and produced 100% more seed than wild-type plants under single stress or multiple stress conditions. The increased stress tolerance in AVP1/OsSIZ1 co-overexpressing plants was substantially larger than the increased stress tolerance in AVP1-overexpressing plants and OsSIZ1-overexpressing plants under every abiotic stress condition tested. This research provides the proof-of-concept that crop yields might be substantially improved using this approach.
[学术文献 ] Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana 进入全文
Nature Biotechnology
High concentrations of Na+ in saline soils inhibit plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter driven overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana SOS1 gene, which encodes a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter, improves plant salt tolerance in A. thaliana. Transgenic plants showed substantial upregulation of SOS1 transcript levels upon NaCl treatment, suggesting post-transcriptional control of SOS1 transcript accumulation. In response to NaCl treatment, transgenic plants overexpressing SOS1 accumulated less Na+ in the xylem transpirational stream and in the shoot. Undifferentiated callus cultures regenerated from the transgenic plants were also more tolerant of salt stress, which was correlated with reduced Na+ content in the transgenic cells. These results show that improved salt tolerance could be achieved by limiting Na+ accumulation in plant cells.
[学术文献 ] The complete mitochondrial genome of Luffa acutangula 进入全文
Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources
Based on PacBio de novo assembly, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of Luffa acutangula (460,333?bp) containing nine large chloroplast-derived sequences (1.9–17.3?kb) across the mitogenome. The base composition of the mitogenome in descending order is A: 28.02%, C: 22.04%, G: 21.83% and T: 28.10%, and the G?+?C content is 43.87%. There are 63 mitochondrial genes including 40 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes and 20 tRNA genes. Additionally, a total of 288 repeats ranging from 31 to 5,301?bp were identified, accounting for 5.7% of the mitogenome. Two large direct repeats (5,301 and 405?bp) within the mitogenome were found for the formation of four subgenomic molecules. A phylogenetic analysis showed that L. acutangula was closely related to other species in Cucurbiaceae. This mitogenome provides useful genetic information for evolutionary studies.
