New perspectives on ancient microbes and microbialites: from isotopes to immunology

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Geological Sciences stromatolites microfossils Doushantuo Thiomargarita squalane Caulobacter

DOI：

doi:10.25549/usctheses-m1339

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and cell biology study of Caulobacter crescentus and its prosthecate relatives suggests that shape-influencing genes may be labile over geologic time scales

Data from: Cytology and sexuality of 11 species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) in limestone karsts suggests that apomixis is a recurring phenomenon

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polyploidy;Karst species diversity;chromosome numbers

DOI：

doi:10.5061/dryad.h7790

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species diversity in this area and can be used a model genus to explore the mechanisms of speciation. We conducted cytological studies on 11 species of Elatostema

Metabolomic changes in murine serum following inhalation exposure to gasoline and diesel engine emissions

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Cell Biology Biophysics Biochemistry 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified Medicine Microbiology Molecular Biology Biotechnology 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

DOI：

doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.3125104

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The adverse health effects of environmental exposure to gaseous and particulate components of vehicular emissions are a major concern among urban populations. A link has been established between respiratory exposure to vehicular emissions and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms driving this interaction remain unknown. Chronic inhalation exposure to mixed vehicle emissions has been linked to CVD in animal models. This study evaluated the temporal effects of acute exposure to mixed vehicle emissions (MVE; mixed gasoline and diesel emissions) on potentially active metabolites in the serum of exposed mice. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to a single 6-hour exposure to filtered air (FA) or MVE (100 or 300\u2009μg/m³) by whole body inhalation. Immediately after and 18\u2009hours after the end of the exposure period, animals were sacrificed for serum and tissue collection. Serum was analyzed for metabolites that were differentially present between treatment groups and time points. Changes in metabolite levels suggestive of increased oxidative stress (oxidized glutathione, cysteine disulfide, taurine), lipid peroxidation (13-HODE, 9-HODE), energy metabolism (lactate, glycerate, branched chain amino acid catabolites, butrylcarnitine, fatty acids), and inflammation (DiHOME, palmitoyl ethanolamide) were observed immediately after the end of exposure in the serum of animals exposed to MVE relative to those exposed to FA. By 18\u2009hours post exposure, serum metabolite differences between animals exposed to MVE versus those exposed to FA were less pronounced. These findings highlight complex metabolomics alterations in the circulation following inhalation exposure to a common source of combustion emissions.

Data from: Comprehensive analysis of vitreous specimens for uveitis classification: a prospective multicentre observational study

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flowcytometry analysis;vitreous sample;CD4\/CD8 ratio;uveitis

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doi:10.5061/dryad.597ch

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Procedure: Vitreous samples (taken by pars planta vitrectomy) were analysed with flow cytometry, cytology, and multiplex PCR analysis. Main Outcome Measures

Data from: Fat in the leg: function of the expanded hind leg in gasteruptiid wasps (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae)

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Parasitoids;systematics;Ultrastructure;Cytology;Histology;Morphology & Evolution;Hymenoptera

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doi:10.5061/dryad.6796b9j

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Among some of the most unusual traits of the gasteruptiid wasps is their unique hovering flight and the expansion of their hind tibiae. Tibial expansions in female parasitoid hymenopterans often involve an enlarged sensory structure for vibration detection, the subgenual organ, thus enabling refined substrate-borne detection of concealed hosts. In the present paper, we utilize a combination of microscopy, chemical analysis, gene expression, and behavior to explore the function of the expanded hind tibia of gasteruptiid wasps. We find that the expanded hind tibia of gasteruptiids is filled largely with fat body, a cell cluster thought not typically to occur in insect legs. Based on its position relative to flexible tibial structures and the subgenual organ, the gasteruptiid tibial fat body may function to amplify vibrational signals. We show the tibial fat body to be filled with both trophocytes and, depending on gasteruptiid lineage, oenocytes. Transcriptomics reveals enrichment for fat-related genes more than expected in an insect leg and raises several additional possibilities for functions of fat in the leg including detoxification. Finally, our flight observations support the hypothesis that this structure may also function in balance and maneuvering in the unusual leg-dangling flight behavior of this wasp.

Data from: Rates of karyotypic evolution in Estrildid finches differ between island and continental clades

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genetic drift;Estrildidae;Passeriformes;gene flow;Chromosomal Evolution;Biogeography;speciation

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doi:10.5061/dryad.4t83t

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Reasons why chromosomal rearrangements spread to fixation and frequently distinguish related taxa remain poorly understood. We used cytological

Data from: Combined use of molecular markers and high resolution melting (HRM) to assess chromosome dosage in potato hybrids

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chromosome dosage;hybrid;potato

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doi:10.5061/dryad.q44p3

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In plants, the most widely used cytological techniques to assess parental genome contributions are based on in situ hybridization (FISH and GIS

Data from: Inferring fitness landscapes and selection on phenotypic states from single-cell genealogical data

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lineage analysis;evolutionary dynamics;fitness landscape;population growth rate;phenotypic selection;single-cell analysis

DOI：

doi:10.5061/dryad.4539d

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ages, and thus elucidates the adaptive significance of phenotypic states in time series data. The method is applicable in diverse fields, from single cell biology

DNA methylation and functional characterization of the XIST gene during in vitro<\/i> early embryo development in cattle