Fecal Sludge Management : Diagnostics and Guidelines for Sservice Delivery in Urban Areas

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作者：

World Bank Group

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/24722

关键词：

SANITATION;  TARIFFS;  POPULATION DENSITIES;  WATER SUPPLIES;  REGULATORY FRAMEWORK;  TREATMENT PLANT;  URBAN COMMUNITIES;  NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY;  LATRINE SUPERSTRUCTURE;  URBANIZATION;  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;  SANITATION POLICY;  POLICY ENVIRONMENT;  RAPID URBANIZATION;  SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL;  VARIABLE COSTS;  DOMESTIC WELLS;  WASTE MANAGEMENT;  URBAN GROWTH;  SANITATION SERVICE;  SEWERAGE NETWORKS;  DRAINAGE SYSTEMS;  LATRINE;  DRAINAGE CHANNELS;  FINANCIAL RESOURCES;  WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT;  URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT;  WATER SUPPLY;  DOMESTIC WATER;  POLITICAL ECONOMY;  REGULATORY AGENCY;  URBAN WATER;  SOLID WASTE COLLECTION;  SANITATION POLICIES;  SURFACE WATER;  INCENTIVES;  BUCKET LATRINES;  SAFE WATER;  MODELS;  DRAINAGE SYSTEM;  SANITATION FACILITY;  REGULATORY SYSTEMS;  CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE;  SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;  RESIDENTIAL HOUSING;  SANITATION PROMOTION;  TREATMENT FACILITIES;  SAFE DISPOSAL;  WATER RESOURCES;  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES;  PUBLIC HEALTH;  WILLINGNESS TO PAY;  WASTEWATER TREATMENT;  WATER MANAGEMENT;  SEWER CONNECTION;  SANITATION ACCESS;  TOILET;  POPULATION GROWTH;  DRY LATRINES;  OPTIONS;  WATER;  EXTERNALITIES;  WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT;  PITS;  WTP;  SEWERAGE SYSTEMS;  CHAMBER POT;  LOCAL GROUNDWATER;  POLLUTION;  DRAINAGE NETWORK;  DIVIDENDS;  FLUSH LATRINES;  PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS;  SANITATION OPTIONS;  UTILITY;  SANITATION PROBLEM;  TOILETS;  SUBSIDIES;  PIT LATRINES;  PIT LATRINE;  LAND USE;  RESOURCES;  USERS;  EQUITY;  LEAKAGE;  USER CHARGES;  WASTE DISPOSAL SITES;  URBAN SANITATION;  ACCESS TO SEWERAGE;  VALUES;  WATER TARIFF;  UTILITIES;  FLUSH TOILETS;  SAFE OPERATION;  CONNECTIONS;  ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION;  DEMAND;  HYGIENE;  SANITATION PROGRAM;  CONNECTION;  ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION;  URBAN AREAS;  URBAN AREA;  DRAINS;  SANITATION SECTOR;  ENVIRONMENTS;  PRIVATE GOODS;  PROPERTY;  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;  DRAIN;  GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION;  SANITATION DEVELOPMENT;  ENVIRONMENT;  PUMPING STATIONS;  STREAMS;  WASTE DISPOSAL;  URBAN DRAINAGE;  SANITARY FACILITIES;  WELLS;  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT;  DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY;  SEWAGE TREATMENT;  DRINKING WATER SUPPLY;  LAND;  EFFECTIVE SANITATION;  SANITATION SERVICES;  DISPOSAL SITE;  DRINKING WATER;  NETWORK;  GROUND WATER;  GROUNDWATER;  RESIDENTIAL AREAS;  PRIVATE COSTS;  PUBLIC FACILITIES;  LATRINE PIT;  WASTE COLLECTION;  SEPTIC TANKS;  SANITATION SYSTEMS;  URBAN RESIDENTS;  REVENUE;  CHLORINE;  RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS;  SEPTIC TANK;  LATRINE PITS;  URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION;  LATRINES;  SANITATION COVERAGE;  URBAN HOUSEHOLDS;  ACCESS TO SANITATION;  HUMAN EXCRETA;  WATER SUPPLY CONNECTIONS;  DIARRHEAL DISEASE;  ENVIRONMENTAL;  WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS;  EFFECTIVE DEMAND;  APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY;  PUBLIC GOOD;  WASTE FLOWS;  SANITATION SOLUTIONS;  INFILTRATION;  PRICES;  NATIONAL WATER;  SEWERAGE;  SANITATION FACILITIES;  PUBLIC GOODS;  Report; 

年份：

2016

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Urban sanitation remains a significant challenge for most low- and middle-income countries. While sanitation coverage has been increasing across both the 48 least developed countries (LDCs) and developing regions as a whole, progress has been relatively slow. In many cities, even where improved on-site facilities are used to contain excreta, the level of quality and access to services for the emptying, conveyance, treatment, and disposal of the resulting fecal sludge is usually limited. These services are collectively called fecal sludge management (FSM) services. FSM services are the focus of this study, within the broader context of urban sanitation and integrated urban water management (IUWM). This document provides a summary of the diagnostic tools developed for assessing FSM services and is based on field work carried out in the five cities of Balikpapan in Indonesia, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Hawassa in Ethiopia, Lima in Peru, and Santa Cruz in Bolivia. It summarizes the tools themselves, lessons learnt about their use, and general policy recommendations.