Urban Mass Transport Infrastructure in Medium and Large Cities in Developing Countries

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作者：

World Bank

来源地址：

http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26743

关键词：

ACCESSIBILITY;  AGGLOMERATION BENEFITS;  AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES;  AIR;  ARTERIAL ROADS;  AVERAGE TRAFFIC SPEEDS;  BICYCLE FACILITIES;  BICYCLE LANES;  BULLET TRAIN;  BUS;  BUS SERVICE;  BUS SERVICES;  BUS STOPS;  BUSES;  CAPITAL INVESTMENT;  CAPITAL INVESTMENTS;  CAR;  CAR USE;  CARBON EMISSIONS;  CARBON EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORT;  CARS;  CITY BUS;  CITY TRANSPORT;  CLIMATE CHANGE;  COMMUTER RAIL;  CONGESTION;  CONGESTION CHARGES;  CONGESTION CHARGING;  CONGESTION PRICING;  CYCLISTS;  DEMAND FOR CAR OWNERSHIP;  DEMAND FOR MOBILITY;  DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT;  DEMAND FOR TRANSPORT SERVICES;  DRIVING;  EFFICIENT TRAVEL;  ELECTRIC VEHICLES;  EMISSION;  EMISSION REDUCTIONS;  ENERGY CONSUMPTION;  ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS;  ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS;  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS;  EXTERNALITIES;  FARE REDUCTIONS;  FARE STRUCTURE;  FARES;  FOSSIL FUELS;  FREIGHT;  FUEL;  FUEL ECONOMY;  FUEL SUBSIDIES;  FUEL TAXATION;  FUEL TAXES;  GREENHOUSE GAS;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION;  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;  GREENHOUSE GASES;  HEAVY TRAFFIC;  HIGHWAYS;  HYBRID VEHICLES;  INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT;  INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES;  INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS;  INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION;  INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS;  JOURNEYS;  LAND TRANSPORT;  LAND TRANSPORT AUTHORITY;  LAND USE;  LAND USE PATTERNS;  LIGHT RAIL;  LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT;  LOWER CARBON EMISSIONS;  MASS RAPID TRANSIT;  MASS TRANSIT;  MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM;  METRO RAIL;  METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT;  METROPOLITAN TRANSPORT AUTHORITY;  MOBILITY;  MODAL SHIFT;  MODAL SPLIT;  MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT;  NOISE;  NOISE POLLUTION;  NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORT;  PASSENGERS;  PEDESTRIAN;  PEDESTRIAN NEEDS;  PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS;  PEDESTRIANS;  PERSONAL MOTOR VEHICLES;  PERSONAL VEHICLES;  POLLUTION;  POPULATION GROWTH;  PRIVATE VEHICLES;  PUBLIC TRANSIT;  PUBLIC TRANSIT NETWORK;  PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS;  PUBLIC TRANSIT USE;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT PROVISION;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  PUBLIC TRANSPORT USE;  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION;  PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK;  RAIL;  RAIL CARS;  RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE;  RAIL LINE;  RAIL LINES;  RAIL SYSTEM;  RAILWAY;  RAILWAY STATIONS;  RAILWAYS;  RAPID TRANSIT;  RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEMS;  REGIONAL TRANSPORT;  RIDERSHIP;  ROAD;  ROAD ACCIDENTS;  ROAD BUILDING;  ROAD DESIGN;  ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE;  ROAD NETWORK;  ROAD PRICING;  ROAD SAFETY;  ROAD SECTOR;  ROAD SPACE;  ROAD SYSTEMS;  ROAD TOLLS;  ROAD TRAFFIC;  ROAD TRANSPORT;  ROADS;  ROLLING STOCK;  ROUTE;  SAFETY;  SIDEWALKS;  SMART GROWTH;  STREET SPACE;  STREETS;  SUBURBAN RAIL;  SUBURBAN RAIL STATIONS;  SUBURBAN RAIL SYSTEMS;  SUBURBS;  SUBWAY;  SUBWAY SYSTEM;  SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT;  TAX;  TAXIS;  TRAFFIC;  TRAFFIC CONGESTION;  TRAFFIC DEMAND;  TRAFFIC FLOW;  TRAFFIC GROWTH;  TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT;  TRAFFIC VOLUME;  TRAINS;  TRAM;  TRAMWAY;  TRANSIT;  TRANSIT CORRIDORS;  TRANSIT OPTION;  TRANSIT STATIONS;  TRANSIT SYSTEMS;  TRANSPORT;  TRANSPORT ACTIVITY;  TRANSPORT COMMUNITY;  TRANSPORT CORRIDORS;  TRANSPORT DATA;  TRANSPORT DECISIONS;  TRANSPORT DEMAND;  TRANSPORT EMISSIONS;  TRANSPORT FACILITIES;  TRANSPORT FINANCE;  TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE;  TRANSPORT INVESTMENT;  TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT;  TRANSPORT MEASURES;  TRANSPORT PLANNING;  TRANSPORT PROBLEMS;  TRANSPORT PROJECTS;  TRANSPORT SECTOR;  TRANSPORT STRATEGY;  TRANSPORTATION;  TRANSPORTATION ALTERNATIVES;  TRANSPORTATION DEMAND;  TRANSPORTATION INVESTMENTS;  TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS;  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM;  TRANSPORTATION TERMINALS;  TRAVEL TIMES;  TRAVELERS;  TRIP;  TRIPS;  TROLLEY BUS;  TRUE;  UNDERGROUND;  URBAN ROAD;  URBAN TRANSPORT;  URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING;  URBAN TRANSPORT POLICY;  URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS;  URBAN TRANSPORTATION;  VEHICLE;  VEHICLE ENGINE;  VEHICLE FLEETS;  VEHICLE KILOMETERS;  VEHICLE OWNERSHIP;  VEHICLE USE;  WALKING;  WALKING DISTANCE;  Report;  Rapport;  Informe; 

年份：

2012

出版地：

Washington,USA

语种：

English

摘要：

Developed at the request of the Mexican G20 Presidency for consideration by the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at the G20 Leaders' Summit in Mexico, and jointly prepared with the Asian Development Bank, this policy paper positioned green transport in the context of cities development. Urban transport determines the shape of a city and its ecological footprint. Many cities in low and middle income countries are at a crossroads. Policy decisions taken now, while car use is still relatively low and cities retain a relatively transit friendly, compact urban form, will affect how people will live in their cities for many decades into the future. A new paradigm of urban transport can be part of the solution to reversing the deteriorating situation in some cities of developing countries, and supporting others to embark on a sustainable, low carbon, green growth path: developing a city for people rather than cars, and including public and mass transport as a major component of the modal structure. Implementing such a new paradigm can be truly transformational. This joint World Bank and Asian Development Bank paper lays out six aspects, which are most difficult to align, yet, are critical to ensure the sustainability of urban transport systems, visionary leadership, integrated strategy for land use and urban transport, coordination among agencies, domestic capacity, adequate cost recovery, and private participation in the operation and construction of urban transport systems. The paper proposes a set of new initiatives for G20 leaders' consideration, including the development of an umbrella toolkit to guide policy makers in charge of urban planning to make transport decisions best suited to their local contexts.