In one aspect, the present invention provides a curved grating structure manufacturing method which comprises: a grating forming step of forming, in one surface of a grating-forming workpiece, a grating region in which a plurality of members mutually having the same shape are periodically provided； a stress layer forming step of forming a stress layer capable of generating stress, on a grating plane-defining surface of the grating region； a boding step of bonding a support substrate to the stress layer； a polishing step of polishing the other surface of the grating-forming workpiece on a side opposite to the one surface having the support substrate bonded thereto； and a peeling step of peeling off the support substrate from the stress layer, wherein the polishing step includes performing the polishing to allow the grating-forming workpiece to be curved by a stress arising from the stress layer, after the peeling step.
