The present invention relates to the field of communication processing technologies, and in particular, to a positioning method based on a visible light source, a mobile terminal, and a controller. Specifically, the method includes: acquiring, by a visible light source controller, geographical position attribute information of a position at which a visible light source array is located; determining, by the visible light source controller according to a preset correspondence between geographical position attribute information of a position at which a visible light source array is located and a visible light source array pattern, a visible light source array pattern corresponding to the acquired geographical position attribute information, where the visible light source array pattern refers to coding information formed by identification information that is separately used to identify a luminance state corresponding to each visible light source included in the visible light source array; and controlling, by the
