The present invention relates to an aqueous two-component coating composition comprising (1) an aqueous paint base component comprising (A) at least one aqueous dispersion of at least one polymeric resin and (B) at least one polycarbonate diol and also (2) a hardener component comprising (C) at least one polyisocyanate-modified polyester having an isocyanate content of 4% to 15%. The present invention also relates to a method for coating on substrates by applying the coating composition and also to the use thereof.