Provided is a position detection device and a position detection system capable of accurately detecting a three-dimensional position of a capsule medical device and achieving space saving in the entire system. The position detection device detects a position of a capsule endoscope 10 inside which a coil for generating a magnetic field is disposed. The position detection device includes a plurality of sensing coils 32 each configured to detect the magnetic field generated by the coil and to output a detection signal, and a position calculation unit 562b configured to calculate the position of the capsule endoscope 10 based on the detection signal output form each sensing coil 32. The sensing coils 32 are arranged in an arrangement region that is a closed region on a panel 31. The arrangement region includes a detection target region formed by projecting a closed space for detecting the capsule endoscope 10 on the panel 31, and is larger than the detection target region by a predetermined ratio.
