The present disclosure relates to an encoding device and an encoding method, and a decoding device and a decoding method, which enable improvement in visibility of a synthesized image obtained by synthesizing images that have different exposure times, when a process load on the decoding device is reduced. The encoding unit performs scalable encoding on a short-exposure image and a long-exposure image which have different exposure times, and on a synthesized image which is obtained by synthesizing the short-exposure image and the long-exposure image. The present disclosure is applicable to, for example, an encoding device that encodes the short-exposure image, the long-exposure image, and the synthesized image which is obtained by synthesizing the short-exposure image and the long-exposure image, in accordance with, for example, a Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) scheme or a Scalable Video Coding Extension (SVC) scheme.
