This crystal oscillator 10 is provided with a crystal piece 11 for generating thickness-shear vibration, a pair of excitation electrodes 12 formed on both surfaces 11a, 11b of the crystal piece 11, and a pair of extraction electrodes 13 that are extracted respectively from the excitation electrodes 12, the crystal piece 11 having a region provided with a plurality of hill sections 15 that are covered by the excitation electrodes 12. Due to the hill sections 15, it is possible to increase adhesion to the excitation electrodes 12 and to provide a highly reliable crystal oscillator 10.