The present invention addresses the problem of providing a component management system or the like that is capable of accurately predicting a component shortage for component mounting devices which carry out operations in a line. A specification unit 201 updates a time table on the basis of an arrival time or a delivery time at each of component mounting devices 16. An arrival prediction unit 202 updates a prediction table by predicting the arrival time at each of the component mounting devices 16 on the basis of the time table. A component shortage prediction unit 203 calculates a component shortage time by acquiring the arrival times of circuit boards, which are running out, from the prediction table (S3), and thus the component shortage time can be accurately predicted. An operator can carry out replenishing work on the basis of the component shortage time.
