An adaptive optics apparatus includes first light modulating means arranged to perform modulation in a polarization direction of one of two polarized light components in light emitted from a light source, changing means arranged to rotate the light modulated by the first light modulating means by 90 degrees, second light modulating means arranged to modulate the light changed by the changing means in the polarization direction, and irradiating means arranged to irradiate a measurement object with the light modulated by the second light modulating means.
