An adaptive optics apparatus includes a first conversion unit configured to convert a polarization direction of one of two polarization components of light to a polarization direction of the other of the polarization components, the light being emitted by a light source a light modulation unit configured to modulate the two polarization components of light converted by the first conversion unit in the polarization directions that have been converted a second conversion unit configured to convert directions of polarization components of the light modulated by the light modulation unit to directions that intersect with each other and an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the object with the light that is converted by the light modulation unit.
