An adaptive optics apparatus includes aberration measuring means (115) that measures an aberration caused by a test object (111), the aberration being measured on the basis of returning light that returns from the test object (111) aberration correcting means (108) that performs aberration correction in accordance with the aberration measured by the aberration measuring means (115) irradiation means that irradiates the test object (111) with light corrected by the aberration correcting means (108) and acquiring means that acquires information based on a transmittance of the test object (111) on the basis of the aberration measured by the aberration measuring means (115).