Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission control method, passive optical network equipment and apparatus, and a passive optical network. The method includes: obtaining, by first passive optical network PON equipment, data transmission information between the first PON equipment and second PON equipment; determining a target line rate between the first PON equipment and the second PON equipment according to the data transmission information; and transmitting data on a line between the first PON equipment and the second PON equipment according to the target line rate. The equipment includes an obtaining unit, a determining unit, and a communications unit. In the embodiments of the present invention, energy consumption of an ONU can be reduced when service traffic of the ONU is light.
