Disclosed is a process for producing a composition having a high polyphenol content, particularly a composition having a high cacao polyphenol content and a low theobromine content in a simple manner and with high efficiency. The process for producing a composition having a high polyphenol content is characterized by comprising the following steps (a) to (d): (a) extracting a plant containing a polyphenol or a processed product of the plant with a solvent to produce a crude polyphenol extract； (b) contacting the crude polyphenol extract with a cation exchange resin which has been substituted by a hydrogen ion in advance and subsequently passing a first solvent containing no ionic substance through the cation exchange resin to produce a first polyphenol eluate； (c) passing the first polyphenol eluate through a cation exchange resin which has been substituted by a hydrogen ion in advance and subsequently passing a second solvent containing no ionic substance through the cation exchange resin to produce a second polyphenol eluate； and (d) drying or condensing the second polyphenol eluate. The process can produce a polyphenol-containing composition having a polyphenol content of 33 wt% or more and a theobromine content of 1 wt% or less in its solid content.
