The present invention relates to a novel use of an Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge extract, and the like, and a Rhizoma Coptidis extract, and the like, and specifically, provides a composition for preventing, relieving, or treating colitis, including, as active ingredients: one or more selected from the Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge extract, a C3 to C8-alcohol-soluble fraction of the Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge extract, mangiferin, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of mangiferin, neomangiferin, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of neomangiferin and one or more selected from a Rhizoma Coptidis extract and a C3 to C8-alcohol-soluble fraction of the Rhizoma Coptidis extract. The combined extract comprising the Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge extract, and the like, and the Rhizoma Coptidis extract, and the like, according to the present invention, have excellent effects of preventing or treating colitis in colitis-induced animal models, and thus can be used as food and pharmaceutical materials constituting a pharmaceutical composition or a functional food composition.
