A concentration of at least one oxygen species may be maintained within a pre-determined range in a water-based stream by obtaining at least one measurement as a direct current (DC) output with at least one probe within the water-based stream. The measurement(s) may correlate to a measured concentration of the oxygen specie(s) within the water-based stream. The measured concentration of the oxygen specie(s) within the water-based stream may be altered when the measured concentration is outside the pre-determined range.