A system is configured to determine cardiac output of a patient. The system may include a first sub-system configured to detect a first physiological signal, and a second sub-system configured to detect a second physiological signal that differs from the first physiological signal. The first and second sub-systems may be separate and distinct from one another. The system may also include a cardiac output determination module that is configured to determine the cardiac output based, at least in part, on the first and second physiological signals.
