The present invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating cancer, and the composition contains an extract of a fruit, leaf, or trunk of Altocarp artilis, or a fraction thereof as an active ingredient. Extracts of fruits, leaves, or stems of Altocarp artilis according to the present invention, or fractions thereof, are signaling and transcriptional activators that play an important role in the growth of cancer cell lines and immune functions in the human body. 3 (STAT3) activity, and thus colon cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, brain tumor, lung cancer, uterine cancer, colon cancer, bladder cancer, Or it can be used effectively for prevention and treatment of cancer such as pancreatic cancer. [Selection] Figure 2本発明は、がんを予防及び治療する組成物に関し、該組成物はアルトカルプス・アルティリスの果実、葉、若しくは幹の抽出物、又はそれらの画分を有効成分として含有する。本発明によるアルトカルプス・アルティリスの果実、葉、若しくは幹の抽出物、又はそれらの画分は、がん細胞株の成長及びヒト体内の免疫機能に重要な役割を果たすシグナル伝達兼転写活性化因子3(STAT3)の活性を抑制し、そのようにして大腸がん、胃がん、前立腺がん、乳がん、腎がん、肝がん、脳腫瘍、肺がん、子宮がん、大腸がん、膀胱がん、又は膵臓がん等のがんの予防及び治療に有効に使用され得る。【選択図】図2