The hair cosmetic composition of the present invention, which is a one-agent type or a multi-agent type hair cosmetic composition, contains, the following components (A) to (D), the component (C) content, relative to the total composition of the hair cosmetic composition, being 0.1 mass % or higher and lower than 20 mass %:(A): a compound selected from the group consisting of glyoxylic acid, a glyoxylic acid hydrate, a glyoxylate salt, and a glyoxylamide；(B): a phenolic compound having an electron-donating group on at least one m-position and having a hydrogen atom on at least one of the o-positions and the p-position, wherein the electron-donating group on the m-position may form, together with an adjacent carbon atom, a benzene ring optionally substituted with hydroxyl group(s)；(C): an organic solvent having a boiling point of 100° C. or higher； and(D): water.
