A compound can be a fluorescent taxane derivative having a structure of Formula 1, salt, stereoisomer, tautomer, polymorph, or solvate thereof. Formula 1 can be defined as: L, L-NH, or L-NH—C═O is a linker； and R is a substituent, where —OH, —O−, —NH2, and NH—CH3 are examples. Examples of linkers can include glycine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Pharmaceutical compositions can include the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and may be configured for intravenous injection. The fluorescent taxane derivative can be used to treat cancer and non-cancer diseases. The fluorescent taxane derivative can be used to monitor cellular efflux and determine whether a cell will efflux paclitaxel.
