The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals from valuable metal-containing target waste. An embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for recovering valuable metals from valuable metal-containing target waste, the method comprising: an alkali fusion and separation step for precipitating a hydroxide of a first valuable metal using alkali fusion of a powder of the target waste, and separating the first valuable metal hydroxide precipitate from the remaining alkali solution in which a second valuable metal is dissolved; and a valuable metal recovery step for recovering valuable metals from the separately obtained first valuable metal hydroxide precipitate, the separately obtained remaining alkali solution, or both the first valuable metal hydroxide precipitate and the remaining alkali solution.
