Disclosed herein is a core-shell composite material comprising: a core optionally comprising an active ingredient compound a shell structure comprising at least two alternating layers the alternating layers being a protein layer and a polyphenol layer and optionally a polyelectrolyte layer interfacing said core and said shell structure, said polyelectrolyte layer being disposed adjacent to said protein layer or said polyphenol layer, wherein said shell structure is selected to be resistant to degradation under gastric conditions but is degradable by one or more intestinal enzymes. In a preferred embodiment the protein is bovine serum albumin (BSA) or pepsin, the polyphenol layer is tannin or tannic acid, and the shell structure is degradable by pepsin.
