Disclosed are an apparatus for recognizing a position of a mobile robot using search based correlative matching and a method thereof. An apparatus for recognizing a position of a mobile robot includes two wide angle cameras which obtain one pair of stereo images on a region of interest including a vertical direction and a horizontal direction in accordance with movement of a mobile robot; and a position recognizing unit which extracts an edge from the received stereo image, forms a virtual space using at least one key frame given based on the extracted edge, divides the virtual area into a plurality of regions, calculates an edge size in each of the plurality of divided regions, and estimates the current position using the calculated edge size calculated.
