The present invention provides a device and a method for picking and collecting Brasenia schreberi based on a machine vision. The device for picking and collecting Brasenia schreberi includes a supporting mechanical arm, a collection device, two working mechanical arms, a picking manipulator, a grasping manipulator, a control box, and a visual system. The supporting mechanical arm is fixed on a front end of a boat; the two working mechanical arms are fixed on a front end of the supporting mechanical arm; the picking manipulator and the grasping manipulator are mounted on tail ends of the two working mechanical arms, respectively; and the collection device is fixed on the boat; the visual system determines a location of the Brasenia schreberi and sends the location to the control box; the control box controls the two working mechanical arms, the grasping manipulator, and the picking manipulator to complete the grasping and picking of the Brasenia schreberi; and then the collection device collects the Brasenia schreberi.
