The invention relates to an Illumination and observation system (1), in particular for an ophthalmic microscope. The system comprises a first observation pupil (4) and a second observation pupil (5) for the eyes of an observer such as an assistant. Further, the system comprises a coaxial illumination (6) in the first observation pupil (4) and a main illumination (7), the coaxial illumination (6) being adapted to generate a red reflex (13) in the observed eye in operation and the main illumination having a larger field of illumination than the coaxial illumination (6, 10, 11). In order to facilitate usage of the system (1) and/or the microscope (2) and to create a superior stereoscopic view using the red reflex (13), a control subsystem (21, 27) is provided which is adapted to automatically adjust an intensity of the main illumination (7) depending on a change in an intensity of the coaxial illumination (6).
