Provided is an A3AR ligand for reducing ectopic fat accumulation, particularly in fatty liver. Further provided is the use of A3AR ligand for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for reducing such fat accumulation, method of treating a condition associates with fat accumulation making use of the ligand and kits including pharmaceutical compositions including the ligand, and instructions for use of same, for treating a condition associated with ectopic fat accumulation. Further provided is the use of an A3AR agonist, such as 2-Chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5′-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA, CF102) for treating fatty liver, specifically, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
