A spontaneous (SP) monitoring system includes a plurality of EM field sensors positioned in a downhole environment. The SP monitoring system also includes a processing unit in communication with the plurality of EM field sensors. The processing unit determines SP data for the downhole environment using a multi-frequency SP model and EM field measurements collected by the plurality of EM field sensors. The processing unit performs an inversion process based at least in part on the SP data to obtain a model of subsurface fluid.