The embodiments of the invention disclose an uplink data scheduling method, user equipment, and a base station. The method comprises: when a base station transmits, in an unlicensed frequency band and to user equipment (UE), a downlink subframe, determining a target downlink subframe, the target downlink subframe being a downlink subframe used to perform PUSCH uplink allocation scheduled by the base station and with respect to the UE; determining, according to a configuration of the target downlink subframe, and from a preconfigured reference subframe configuration set, a reference subframe configuration of the target downlink subframe; transmitting, to the UE, the target downlink subframe comprising information of the reference subframe configuration of the target downlink subframe, to enable the UE to configure, according to the target reference subframe, a corresponding hybrid automatic repeat transmission (HARQ) timing relationship to perform uplink data transmission. The invention is employed to increase
