Disclosed herein is a method of examining tissue growth and/or conditioning and/or adhesion properties of cells on a synthetic and/or natural scaffold (30) as well as a perfusion bioreactor (10) for use in this method. The method comprises the following steps: fixing a scaffold (30) to a holding means (28) disposed or disposable in a perfusion bioreactor (10), generating a flow of nutrition solution along the surface of said scaffold (30) held by said holding means (28), generating and/or maintaining physiological conditions in said nutrition solution flowing along said scaffold (30) using heat exchange means (20, 24, 48, 50) and/or gas exchange means (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64) associated with said bioreactor (10), such as to allow growth and/or conditioning of cells on said scaffold (30), and optically inspecting, in particular by microscopy, the scaffold (30) held by said holding means (28) through a window (66, 68, 70, 72) provided in said perfusion bioreactor (10) at different times or continuously during tissue growth and/or conditioning of cells on said scaffold (30) while maintaining said physiological conditions in said perfusion bioreactor (10).Linvention concerne un procédé dexamen de la croissance tissulaire et/ou du conditionnement et/ou des propriétés dadhésion de cellules sur un échafaudage synthétique et/ou naturel (30) ainsi quun bioréacteur à perfusion (10) destiné à être utilisé dans ce procédé. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : fixation dun échafaudage (30) à un moyen de support (28) placé ou susceptible dêtre placé dans un bioréacteur à perfusion (10), création dun écoulement dune solution de nutrition le long de la surface dudit échafaudage (30) maintenu par ledit moyen de support (28), création et/ou maintien de conditions physiologiques dans ladite solution de nutrition sécoulant le long de la surface dudit échafaudage (30) au moyen dun dispositif déchange de chaleur (20, 24, 48, 50) et/ou dun dispositif déchange de gaz (52, 54, 56,
