An unmanned aerial vehicle (20) tracking control system and method based on recognition of a light-emitting target (10), the system comprising a light-emitting target (10) and an unmanned aerial vehicle (20), the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) comprising: at least two cameras (21, 22), the two cameras (21, 22) being used to image the light-emitting target (10) in real time; an operation processing unit (23) connected to the cameras (21, 22), which recognizes the light-emitting target (10) in images shot by the cameras (21, 22) and calculates motion information of the light-emitting target (10); a flight control unit (24) connected to the operation processing unit (23), which controls the unmanned aerial vehicle (20) to fly following the light-emitting target (10) according to the motion information of the light-emitting target (10). The present system solves well the problems of instability, complicated systems, high cost and low accuracy, and in addition to relatively accurate tracking, the system can also be
