An X-ray phase grating used for X-ray phase-contrast imaging based on Talbot interference includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate are combined so as to be shifted from each other by one half period. The first substrate has a first pattern in which first faces and second faces making an angle of &alpha (where &alpha&ne0 and &alpha&ne90°) with the first faces are periodically arranged. The second substrate has a second pattern in which third faces corresponding to the first faces and fourth faces corresponding to the second faces and making an angle of &alpha with the third faces are periodically arranged.
