According to embodiments of the present invention, a method of writing to an optical data storage medium is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of data elements, each data element having one of a plurality of values, wherein each value of the plurality of values is associated with a wavelength, and forming, for each data element, a nanostructure arrangement on the optical data storage medium, the nanostructure arrangement configured to reflect light of the wavelength associated with the value of the data element in response to a light irradiated on the optical data storage medium. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method of reading from an optical data storage medium and an optical data storage medium are also provided.