Provided are methods of preventing and/or treating herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)-associated ocular neovascularization comprising administering a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. Preferably a CDK9 inhibitor, such as flavopiridol or dichlorobenzimidazole-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (DRB), is administered to prevent and/or treat HSV-1-associated ocular neovascularization. Additionally, methods of inhibiting angiogenesis and HSV-1 replication comprising the use of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor are provided.