The present invention concerns a biomaterial devoid of a growth factor, comprising: —a three-dimensional scaffold made of a biocompatible polymer and—living cells, wherein said living cells are in form of microtissues and the nanofibrous three-dimensional scaffold is a nanofibrous scaffold. It further concerns a method for manufacturing such a biomaterial. Finally, it concerns such a biomaterial for use in the treatment of a bone and/or cartilage defect.