PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control an activity by giving a substance required for the activity of a microorganism without using pumps, controllers, and so on.SOLUTION: The microorganism activity control substance 3 is filled in a container 4 of a sealed structure where a nonporous film 2 is provided at least partially, the microorganism activity control substance 3 is supplied to the periphery of the container 4 from a part of the nonporous film 2 in the container 4 at a speed that is dominated by the molecular permeability of the nonporous film 2 to control the activity of the microorganism around the surroundings of the container. The microorganism activity control substance 3 is at least one kind or more of a substance that functions as an electron donor that becomes an energy source of the microorganism, an acidic substance, a basic substance, inorganic salts, an oxygen emitting substance, and an oxygen absorbing substance, and a combination of the acidic substance and basic substance and that of the oxygen emitting substance and an oxygen absorbing substance are excluded.【課題】 ポンプや制御装置などを用いずに微生物の活動に必要な物質を与えてその活性の制御を可能とする。【解決手段】非多孔性膜２を少なくとも一部に備える密封構造の容器４の中に微生物活性制御物質３を充填し、微生物活性制御物質３を容器４の非多孔性膜２の部分から非多孔性膜２の分子透過性能に支配される速度で容器４の周辺に供給し、容器の周辺の微生物の活性を制御する。微生物活性制御物質３は、微生物のエネルギー源となる電子供与体として機能する物質、酸性物質、塩基性物質、無機塩類、酸素放出物質及び酸素吸収物質のうちの少なくとも１種以上であり、酸性物質と塩基性物質、酸素放出物質と酸素吸収物質の組み合わせは除かれる。【選択図】図１
