Methods for performing a surgical procedure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) are provided. The method includes orienting the subject for the surgical procedure, wherein orienting comprises imaging a region of the subject that contains a structure having a known orientational asymmetry, testing the image for the presence and location of the structure, and confirming correct orientation of the subject using the OCT image of the structure having the known orientational asymmetry； obtaining at least one image of the surgical region of the subject using OCT and constructing an initial structural view of the surgical region； computing at least one clinical parameter relevant as an end point for assessing the outcome of the surgical procedure using data derived from the OCT image； periodically assessing a surgical process and monitoring clinical outcomes related to the surgical procedure using changes to the OCT-derived structural view of the surgical region OCT or the changes to the computed clinical parameters derived from the at least an OCT image； determining if a surgical plan for the surgical procedure needs modification based on the periodic assessment and/or monitoring； modifying the surgical plan for the surgical procedure if it is determined modification is needed； and repeatedly assessing and monitoring, determining and modifying until it is determined that modification is not needed.
