PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing the aqueous dispersion of surface-treated carbon black particles that shows an excellent degree of black and dispersibility, when used as a water-based black ink, has excellent shelf life, shows little feathering, has excellent discharge stability and smear resistance (fast drying performance), and has a strong effect in terms of preventing metal corrosion. SOLUTION: The method for producing an aqueous dispersion of surface-treated carbon black particles is characterized in that, in an aqueous dispersion of oxidized carbon black particles wherein acidic hydroxyl groups have been imparted to the surface of carbon black particles having a DBP absorption of 120 cm3/100 g or greater, 5% or more but less than 50% of the acid hydroxyl groups are neutralized by polyvalent cations and then the remainder of the acidic hydroxyl groups are neutralized by monohydric cations. COPYRIGHT: (C)2013,JPO&INPIT