Oral vaccine formulations are disclosed having microparticles sized such thatat least 50 % of the microparticles are less than 5 m, preferably less than 3m, the microparticles containing antigen entrapped or encapsulated, such as bya solvent evaporation method, by a biodegradable polymer, such as poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). Additionally, oral vaccine formulations are disclosedhaving nanoparticles sized such that at least 50 % of the microparticles areless than 600 nm, preferably less than 500 nm, the nanoparticles containingantigen entrapped or encapsulated, such as by a coacervation method, by abiodegradable polymer, such as poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). Protectivevaccine formulations containing the B. pertussis antigens PTd or a combinationof PTd and FHA are provided.
