The present invention relates to the use of a microorganism belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria or a mutant or derivative thereof, characterized in that it is capable of specifically binding to a bacterium belonging to the group of mutans Streptococci, wherein the specific binding is (i) resistant to heat treatment； and/or (ii) resistant to protease treatment； and/or (iii) calcium-dependent； and/or (iv) formed within a pH range between 4.5 and 8.5； and/or (v) formed in the presence of saliva, for the preparation of an anticariogenic composition for the treatment or prevention of caries caused by mutans Streptococci other than Streptococcus mutans. Preferably, the specific binding can be assayed as follows: (a) growing said microorganism to stationary phase； (b) mixing said microorganism with a bacterium belonging to the group of mutans Streptococci which has been grown to stationary phase； (c) incubating the mixture obtained in step (b) under conditions allowing the formation of aggregates of said microorganism and a bacterium of the group of mutans Streptococci； and (d) detecting aggregates by the occurrence of a pellet. Another aspect of the present invention is a method of prophylaxis or treatment of caries caused by mutans Streptococci other than Streptococcus mutans, comprising administering a microorganism belonging to the group of lactic acid bacteria characterized in that said microorganism is capable of specifically binding to a bacterium belonging to the group of mutans Streptococci or a mutant, derivative, analog or fragment of said microorganism.
