A computer-implemented method includes obtaining an image of a retinal fundus. A plurality of features is extracted from the image of the retinal fundus. The plurality of features includes at least one feature based on anatomical domain knowledge of the retinal fundus and at least one response of a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network to at least a portion of the image of the retinal fundus. The retinal fundus is determined to belong to a left eye or a right eye, based on an analysis of the plurality of features.
