A process for the detection and the characterization of a microorganism in a clinical sample comprises the introduction of a clinical sample in a first culture container, then the transport and the incubation of the simultaneous clinical sample in a compartment (3) thermally insulated from one container (1) can be sealed. An aliquot of the test is removed from the sample and the remainder of the sample is propagated. The method comprises, in addition, the removal of the dna from the aliquot of the test and the tests of nucleic acid on the said dna in order to identify the microorganism and to detect the presence or absence of one or several genetic markers of antimicrobial resistance in the said microorganism. The tests of nucleic acid are carried out with the aid of: i) one or more probes and / or a nucleic acid primers for the identification microbial such a probe or primer being capable of hybridizing specifically with, or such a primer being able to be amplified selectively, a nucleotide sequence which is identifier of a given microorganism and (ii) one or more probes and / or a nucleic acid primers for the detection of a marker of antimicrobial resistance, such a probe or primer being capable of hybridizing specifically with, or such a primer being able to be amplified selectively, a nucleotide sequence representing a marker gene of antimicrobial resistance.
