A functionalized nanoporous structure comprising: (a) a matrix that comprises a first sol-based ceramic and (b) one or more functionalized nanosized pores within the matrix, wherein each functionalized nanosized pore is defined by (i) a coating that comprises a second sol-based ceramic and, optionally, a first functional material and (ii) a second functional material bound to the coating, wherein the second functional material is optional if the coating comprises the first functional material and (c) optionally, a hybrid component that comprises one or more particles of a composition different from that of the matrix.
