A composition comprising a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum selected from the group consisting of: Lactobacillus plantarum 299, DSM 6595, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, DSM 9843, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 9, DSM 15312, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 19, DSM 15313 and Lactobacum plantarba 99um HEALUM 99us , DSM 15316, parause in the treatment or prophylaxis of: a) low bacterial diversity (LBD) of the digestive tract； b) bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO)； c) bacterial overgrowth in the large intestine (LIBO) and / or d) translocation associated with LIBO or SIBO； increasing the difference in digestive tract diversity indices compared to placebo, in which a difference in increased diversity indices is measured by the T-RFLP method using HaeIII as an enzyme and the Shannon-Weaner and Simpson indices, and in which the Low bacterial diversity of the digestive tract can be defined by a difference in diversity indices of at least 0.15 according to the Shannon-Weaner diversity index or a 0.02 at least diversity index according to the Simpson diversity index.Una composición que comprende una cepa de Lactobacillus plantarum seleccionada del grupo que consiste en:Lactobacillus plantarum 299, DSM 6595, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, DSM 9843, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 9,DSM 15312, Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 19, DSM 15313 y Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL 99, DSM 15316, parauso en el tratamiento o la profilaxis de: a) baja diversidad bacteriana (LBD) del tubo digestivo； b) sobrecrecimiento bacteriano en el intestino delgado (SIBO)； c) sobrecrecimiento bacteriano en el intestino grueso (LIBO) y/o d) traslocación asociada a LIBO o SIBO； aumentando la diferencia de índices de diversidad del tubo digestivo comparado con placebo, en la que se mide una diferencia de índices de diversidad aumentada por el método T-RFLP usando HaeIII comoenzima y los índices de Shannon-Weaner y Simpson, y en la que la baja diversidad bacteriana del tubo digestivo se puede definir por u
