The invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising:one or more linear α-olefin sulfonates,one or more non-oxyalkylenated anionic surfactants present in the composition in an amount ranging from 1% to 20% by weight; andone or more additional surfactants chosen from amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants.The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using said composition, especially a process for caring for and/or cleansing keratin materials.