The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising: - cationic surfactants with quaternary ammonium compound of formula (i): in which r1 and r2 represent an unsaturated hydrocarbon radical comprising 11 to 23 carbon atoms and x is a cosmetically acceptable ion against -; - cationic surfactants, additional. The present invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process, in particular care, cleansing or conditioning the hair, employing this composition.